ABSTRACT
El presente estudio es una comparación del dolor abdominal producido por trastornos gastrointestinales, aliviado por Ageratina ligustrina , entre los grupos maya Tzeltal, Tzotzil y Q Ìeqchi Ì, el cual integró un enfoque etnomédico, etnobotánico y transcultural, comparando estudios previos con el presente trabajo de campo. Para evaluar la eficacia de Ageratina para aliviar el dolor abdominal, se realizó un inventario de las moléculas reportadas en esta especie, así como de su actividad farmacológica, a través de una revisión bibliográfica. Los resultados mostraron que la epidemiología del dolor producido por TGI, su etnobotánica y el modelo explicativo del dolor abdominal fueron similares entre grupos étnicos. Asimismo, se identificaron 27 moléculas con efectos antiinflamatorios y antinociceptivos, lo que podría explicar por qué esta especie es culturalmente importante para los pobladores maya Tzeltal, Tzotzil y Q Ìeqch i Ì para el alivio del dolor abdominal, mientras que, desde el punto de vista biomédico, es una especie con potencial para inhibir el dolor visceral.
The current study is a comparison of the abdominal pain conception produced by gastrointestinal disorders, relieved by Ageratina ligustrina , among inhabitants of the Mayan Tzeltal, Tzotzil, and Q'eqchi' groups ethnomedical, ethnobotanical, and cross -cultural approaches were used to compare previous studies with the present field work. To evaluate the efficacy of A. ligustrina to relieve pain, also through a bibliographic review an inventory of the molecules present in this species was performed, as well as their pharmacological activity. The results showed that the epidemiology of pain produced by GID, its ethnobotany, and the explanatory model of abdominal pain are similar among ethnic groups. Likewise, 27 molecules with anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects were identified, which could explain why this species is culturally important for the Mayan Tzeltal, Tzotzil, and Q'eqchi' groups for the relief of abdominal pain, while, from a biomedical point of view, it is a species with potential to inhibit visceral pain.
Subject(s)
Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Abdominal Pain/drug therapy , Ageratina , Ethnobotany , Gastrointestinal Diseases/drug therapy , MexicoABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Smilax moranensis M.Martens & Galeotti, Smilacaceae, root is a medicinal plant used among the Chatinos in Oaxaca, Mexico, to control type 2 diabetes. The objectives of the study were to isolate the bioactive compounds from the roots of Smilax and evaluate the chronic hypoglycemic effect of the ethanol-water extract. The main compounds were isolated from the methanolic extract via conventional phytochemical methods. The dried roots of S. moranensis were extracted with methanol and chromatographed on Sephadex LH 20. Fractions were chromatographed and purified on a silica gel chromatography column. The ethanol-water extract was orally administered to hyperglycemic rats for a period of 42 days, and glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and triacylglycerides were measured. Moreover, very-low-density lipoprotein was calculated. During the chemical investigation, three compounds were isolated and characterized, namely, 3-O-caffeoyl-quinic acid, 5-O-caffeoyl-quinic acid and trans-resveratrol, using various spectroscopic techniques. Animal experiments confirmed that the plant extract could control both the glucose and HbA1c levels. In conclusion, this study confirms that the roots of S. moranensis have hypoglycemic properties and suggests that the isolated compounds are potentially involved in this effect.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Type 2 diabetes is a major health problem in Mexico, as it is in other countries, is a chronic condition that develops when the body cannot produce enough insulin or cannot use it appropriately. Both insulin deficiency and insulin resistance lead to high blood glucose levels. In Mexico, people with diabetes are known to use the decoction of red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle L., Rhizophoraceae) bark to control blood glucose levels. Therefore, in this study, we sought to investigate the chronic hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of R. mangle; we also elucidate some of the major phytochemical compounds of R. mangle. To analyze the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects, we used rats with streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced hyperglycemia; the rats were classified into four groups (six rats each), based on the treatment given, as follows: group 1, non-hyperglycemic control; group 2, hyperglycemic control; group 3, glibenclamide (5 mg/kg body weight); and group 4, Rhizophora ethanol-water extract (90 mg/kg). The extract or glibenclamide was orally administered, dissolved in 1.5 ml of physiological NaCl-solution, twice a day (in the morning and in the evening) over a period of 42 days. The methanolic extract was used to elucidate the main compounds present in R. mangle via conventional phytochemical methods, such as TLC, HLPC, UPLC-DAD-MS, and NMR. The following compounds were detected: cinchonains Ia and Ib, catechin-3-O-rhamnopyranoside, epicatechin, lyoniside, and nudiposide. The daily administration of Rhizophora ethanol-water extract, similar to the traditional usage to control type 2 diabetes, was shown to exert chronic hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects. This effect may be associated whit the constituents in the extract. These findings suggest that R. mangle and its constituents could be potentially used to treat type 2 diabetes.